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Author: Shipman, M.
Title: MK Education consultants: Keeping families on the field.
Evangelical Missions Quarterly,  Vol. 48, pp. 72-78.   2012
Summary:  This article gives an overview of why education consultants are vital to missionary families around the world and includes key characteristics consultants must display.
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Author: Rosik, C. H.
Title: Long-term outcomes of an intensive outpatient program for missionaries and clergy.
Journal of Psychology and Christianity,  Vol. 30, pp. 175-183.   2011
Summary:  This article is an extension of a previous study to increase the follow-up period to three years after the intensive outpatient treatment ended.
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Author: Diaso, D. A.
Title: Preventing discouragement and keeping church planters productive on the field.
Evangelical Missions Quarterly,  Vol. 46, pp. 82-89.   2010
Summary:  A report of the author's doctoral dissertation contains data from 180 missionaries from 14 agencies. The article has many good recommendations for preventing discouragement.
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Author: Rosik, C. H.
Title: Can specific MMPI-2 scales predict treatment response among missionaries?
Journal of Psychology and Theology,  Vol. 38, pp. 195-204.   2010
Summary:  An article reporting research on a sample of 112 Christian missionaries to find out if any scales on the MMPI-2 would be valuable to predict treatment response either immediately after treatment or on a three-month follow-up
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Author: Davis, P.
Title: Evaluating impact of transition seminars on missionary kids' depression, anxiety, stress, and well-being.
Journal of Psychology and Theology,  Vol. 38, pp. 186-194.   2010
Summary:  An article reporting a one-group pretest-posttest design experiment with a sample of 35 high school graduates to find out if TCK transition seminars actually make a difference.
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Author: Cousineau, A. E.
Title: Predictors of missionary job success: A Review of the literature and research proposal.
Journal of Psychology and Christianity,  Vol. 29, pp. 354-363.   2010
Summary:  A review article in which the authors found that promising work has been initiated on some topics, but research on predicting missionary job success is rare. The research that has been conducted has not been replicated and much of it is plagued with problems in methodology. The authors make recommendations for future research.
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Author: Nelson, J.
Title: The Engage! Study: Executive summary.
Evangelical Missions Quarterly,  Vol. 46, pp. 288-297.   2010
Summary:  An article about a follow-up study of the US portion of ReMAP II (anonymous author). It includes results and recommendations from a web-based survey of 1727 current staff from 18 sending agencies.
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Author: Carr, K.
Title: Trauma and traumatic stress in cross-cultural missions: How to promote resilience.
Evangelical Missions Quarterly,  Vol. 46, pp. 278-285.   2010
Summary:  An article in which the authors present a summary of the results and implications in research they, along with others, conducted. This research compared missionaries in Europe and west Africa with the general American population.
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Author: Hervey, A. (Authors name is really Emily)
Title: Cultural transitions during childhood and adjustment to college.
Journal of Psychology and Christianity,  Vol. 28, pp. 3-12.   2009
Summary:  The author looked at correlations between the pattern of transitions during childhood and the success in adjustment into college for 109 missionary kids. She found that those who had more negative experiences in earlier transitions found adjustment to college more difficult.
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Author: Keckler, W. T.
Title: A Qualitative study on comprehensive missionary wellness.
Journal of Psychology and Christianity,  Vol. 27, pp. 205-214.   2008
Summary:  The authors interviewed member care professionals to develop a model of missionary wellness through this qualitative study. The resulting three-level model has seven dimensions with 15 categories and 15 subcategories.
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Author: Hay, R.
Title: Worth keeping: Global perspectives on best Practice.
   Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library.   2007
Summary:  This book is the report of ReMAP II, the largest research project ever done in the missions world. It took five years to complete, 40% of the world mission workforce was represented, including people from 22 countries on six continents. It gathered data on virtually every topic the Mission Commission of the World Evangelical Alliance thought could impact missionary retention.
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Author: Koteskey, R. L.
Title: Missionary member care: What people want to know.
Journal of Psychology and Christianity,  Vol. 26, pp. 236-245.   2007
Summary:  This article explores the analysis of data automatically gathered as missionaries and others visit websites to find out what they want to know about member care.
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Author: Cousineau, A. E.
Title: The 16PF and Marital Satisfaction Inventory as predictors of missionary job success.
Journal of Psychology and Theology,  Vol. 35, pp.317-327.   2007
Summary:  This research was conducted on 158 missionaries between 1982 and 2002 to find empirical evidence that assessments before serving actually predicted how well people functioned as missionaries.
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Author: Irvine, J.
Title: Traumatic stress in a missionary population: Dimensions and impact.
Journal of Psychology and Theology,  Vol. 34, pp. 327-336.   2006
Summary:  This article reports a study of 173 missionaries on six continents related to the nature and impact of traumatic stress they experienced on the field.
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Author: Trimble, D. E.
Title: Organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and turnover intention of missionaries.
Journal of Psychology and Theology,  Vol. 34, pp. 349-360.   2006
Summary:  This article reports a study surveying 468 missionaries and testing three models relating job satisfaction and affective organizational commitment to turnover intention using structural equation modeling.
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Author: Walling, S.
Title: Cultural identity and reentry in short-term student missionaries.
Journal of Psychology and Theology,  Vol. 34, pp. 153-164.   2006
Summary:  This article reports research using focus groups to gather date from 20 college students relative to their cultural identity after reentry from short-term mission trips.
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Author: Blocher, D.
Title: Good agency practices; Lessons from ReMAP II.
Evangelical Missions Quarterly,  Vol. 41, pp. 228-237.   2005
Summary:  This article is a summary of the results of a WEA study of 600 agencies with nearly 40,000 long-term missionaries. It reveals the agency cultures, policies and practices that promote missionary retention.
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Author: Barnett, K. L.
Title: Psychological and spiritual predictors of domains of functioning and effectiveness of short-term missionaries.
Journal of Psychology and Theology.  Vol. 33, pp. 27-40..   2005
Summary:  This article reports a study investigating how psychopathology, current object relations, and spiritual development relate to short-term missionary performance and psychological distress. Participants were 40 undergraduates ages 18-27 serving a 6-18-week summer internship.
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Author: Crawford, N.
Title: Relationship between role perception and well-being in married female missionaries.
Journal of Psychology and Theology,  Vol. 33, pp. 187-197.   2005
Summary:  This article is the report of a study of 153 married female missionaries to explore how they perceived their overall well-being and missionary role, and whether their perception of their role is related to their sense of well-being. "Direct workers" were found to have a lower level of emotional distress than "support workers."
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Author: Rosik, C. H.
Title: Member care experiences and needs: Findings from a study of East African missionaries.
Journal of Psychology and Theology,  Vol. 24, pp. 36-45.   2005
Summary:  This article presents the results of a survey of 55 missionaries attending a conference in East Africa. They revealed their utilization and perceived need of various member care services.
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Author: Wickstrom, D. L.
Title: Personality characteristics of staff members at selected overseas missionary boarding schools.
The Family in mission: Understanding and caring for those who serve (pp. 307-321).  Palmer Lake, CO: Mission Training International.   2004
Summary:  A descriptive study of real and ideal personality characteristics developed from factor analysis of the adjectives in the Adjective Checklist filled out by 576 staff members at 20 overseas missionary boarding schools. This article also appears in the Journal of Psychology and Theology and Theology, 1993, 21, 74-85.
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Author: Wickstrom, D. L.
Title: The right stuff in boarding school staff.
The Family in mission: Understanding and caring for those who serve (pp. 323-328).  Palmer Lake, CO: Mission Training International.   2004
Summary:  An article summarizing the research of Powell & Andrews (1983) and Wickstrom & Andrews (1983) on the qualities needed in boarding school administrators, teachers and boarding homes. This article also appears in Evangelical Missions Quarterly, 30, October, 1994, 376-385.
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Author: Andrews, L. A.
Title: The missionary family: An Introduction
The Family in mission: Understanding and caring for those who serve (pp. 193-220).  Palmer Lake, CO: Mission Training International.   2004
Summary:  This chapter contains 21 tables of statistics from the Adult MK and Missionary Family Studies cone by the MK-CART/CORE group. It also contains summary and analysis of the numbers presented.
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Author: Andrews, L. A.
Title: The Family in mission: Understanding and caring for those who serve
   Palmer Lake, CO: Mission Training International.   2004
Summary:  This book is the final product of 15 years of study of missionary kids and missionary families by the MK-CART/CORE group and supported by several mission agencies. This report includes material from 23 contributors.
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Author: Andrews, L. A.
Title: The measurement of adult MKs well-being.
The Family in mission: Understanding and caring for those who serve (pp. 336-344).  Palmer Lake, CO: Mission Training International.   2004
Summary:  Variable related to adult MKs' religious, existential, and spiritual well-being as measured by the "Spiritual Well-Being Scale" taken by 608 (out of 1475 sent) questionnaires. In general the MKs seem to be doing well as adults. This article also appears in Evangelical Missions Quarterly, 31, October, 1995, 418-426.
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Author: Andrews, L. A.
Title: Spiritual, family, and ministry satisfaction among missionaries.
The Family in mission: Understanding and caring for those who serve (pp. 359-372).  Palmer Lake, CO: Mission Training International.   2004
Summary:  An article presenting the results of the MK-CART/CORE research on the missionary family with emphasis on spiritual, family, and ministry satisfaction which were all positively correlated. This article also appears in the Journal of Psychology and Theology, 1999, 27, 107-118.
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Author: Powell, J.
Title: Families in missions: A research context.
The Family in mission: Understanding and caring for those who serve (pp. 347-358).  Palmer Lake, CO: Mission Training International.   2004
Summary:  An article describing the Missionary Kid Consultation and Research Team/Committee on Research and Endowment (MK-CART/CORE) and the three major research projects it has conducted. A condensed version of this is published as a chapter in Powell & Bowers (2002), Enhancing Missionary Vitality under the title MK-CART/CORE: A multi-mission research model, pp. 485-493. This article also appears in the Journal of Psychology and Theology, 1999, 27, 98-106.
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Author: Duvall, N
Title: Educational context and development.
The Family in mission: Understanding and caring for those who serve (pp. 71-81).  Palmer Lake, CO: Mission Training International.   2004
Summary:  This chapter introduces the major studies done by MK-CART/CORE: The boarding school personnel study, the adult MK study, and the missionary family study.
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Author: Pauls, N.
Title: Educational research: Appraisal and response.
The Family in mission: Understanding and caring for those who serve (pp. 117-126).  Palmer Lake, CO: Mission Training International.   2004
Summary:  This chapter surveys changes in attitudes and practices that have characterized recent decades by examining the relationships between MK-CART/CORE research and strategic planning, pointing out contributions, cautions and limitations as well as suggestions for future research.
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Author: Hawley, D.
Title: Research on missionary kids and families: A critical review.
The Family in mission: Understanding and caring for those who serve (pp. 277-292).  Palmer Lake, CO: Mission Training International.   2004
Summary:  This review provides an overview and critique of 31 research projects conducted on MKs and their families that appeared in 1983 or later and gathered empirical data. Recommendations are offered for further research.
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Author: Taylor, G.
Title: The family in ministry.
The Family in mission: Understanding and caring for those who serve (pp. 221-232).  Palmer Lake, CO: Mission Training International.   2004
Summary:  This chapter compares research on pastors' families in Canada with the patterns reported in the MK-CART/CORE family study. The chapter considers time priorities, ministry and marital roles and satisfaction, parenthood, stressors family of origin, life satisfaction and spiritual life.
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Author: Jensma, J.
Title: The nurturing family.
The Family in mission: Understanding and caring for those who serve (pp. 233-250).  Palmer Lake, CO: Mission Training International.   2004
Summary:  This chapter considers eight systemic patterns in the context of family systems as well as considering the implications of these.
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Author: Andrews, L. A.
Title: Research: Looking back and seeing forward.
The Family in mission: Understanding and caring for those who serve (pp. 3-11).  Palmer Lake, CO: Mission Training International.   2004
Summary:  A chapter introducing the value of research for "understanding and caring for those who serve" as well as the purpose and scope of the book along with some sample findings elaborated on later in the book
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Author: Powell, J.
Title: Qualities desired in MK boarding school personnel: A preliminary study.
The Family in mission: Understanding and caring for those who serve (pp. 297-306).  Palmer Lake, CO: Mission Training International.   2004
Summary:  A pilot study to identify qualities perceived to contribute to effectiveness in boarding schools. Data was gathered from adult MKs, parents of MKs and people working in MK boarding schools. Five themes common to all positions are presented , as well as five specific themes for each. This article also appears in the Journal of Psychology and Theology, 1993, 21, 86-92
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Author: Bagley, R. W.
Title: Trauma and traumatic stress among missionaries.
Journal of Psychology and Theology,  2003, 97-112.   2003
Summary:  An article describing trauma and PTSD among a group of 31 missionaries of one agency.
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Author: Hall, M. E. L.
Title: Married women in missions: The effects of cross-cultural and self gender-role expectations on well-being, stress, and self-esteem.
Journal of Psychology and Theology,  Vol. 31, pp. 303-314.   2003
Summary:  The research findings show that self-expectations of the married women are important in their well-being. Homemakers appeared to be more relaxed and to experience life as more satisfying and interesting than women more actively involved in the missions task A greatly abbreviated form of this paper is found in Powell & Bowers (2002), Enhancing Missionary Vitality: Mental Health Professions Serving Global Mission, pp. 153-158.
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Author: Stringham, E. M.
Title: The reacculturation of missionary families: A dynamic theory.
Enhancing missionary vitality: Mental health professions serving global mission (pp. 165-171).  Palmer Lake, CO: Mission Training International.   2002
Summary:  A qualitative research study of three families resulting in three theoretical propositions of a grounded theory. A complete presentation of this study is in the Journal of Psychology and Theology, 1993, Vol. 21, pp. 66-73.
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Author: Powell, J.
Title: MK-CART/CORE: A multi-mission research model.
Enhancing missionary vitality: Mental health professions serving global mission (pp. 485-493).  Palmer Lake, CO: Mission Training International.   2002
Summary:  A chapter describing the Missionary Kid Consultation and Research Team/Committee on Research and Endowment (MK-CART/CORE) and the three major research projects it has conducted. An expanded version of this chapter appeared in the Journal of Psychology and Theology (1999), vol. 27, pp. 98-106.
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Author: Powell, J.
Title: Enhancing Missionary Vitality: Mental Health professions Serving Global Mission.
   Palmer Lake, CO, Mission Training International.   2002
Summary:  A comprehensive, 500-page book about member care of primarily North American missionaries consisting of 56 Chapters gathered into 9 parts with from 1 to 12 chapters in each of the parts. This is the most valuable resource on North American member care available at the beginning of the 21st century.
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Author: Hall, M. E. L.
Title: Mental health professionals in missions: An overview.
Enhancing missionary vitality: Mental health professions serving global mission (pp. 15-22).  Palmer Lake, CO: Mission Training International.   2002
Summary:  This chapter looks at the past and present trends in mental health and missions and attempts to predict what future trends will be.
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Author: White, F.
Title: Mental health advances in member care.
Enhancing missionary vitality: Mental health professions serving global mission (pp. 23-31).  Palmer Lake, CO: Mission Training International.   2002
Summary:  This chapter presents a dozen or so ways that mental health services have developed in numerous venues during the past fifty years.
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Author: Taylor, G.
Title: Spiritual dimensions in mental health.
Enhancing missionary vitality: Mental health professions serving global mission (pp. 75-81).  Palmer Lake, CO: Mission Training International.   2002
Summary:  This chapter explores the spiritual dimensions in our understanding and pursuit of mental health as well as physical health. The spiritual life expresses itself in all we do, think, and feel, and spiritual health is an integral aspect of well-being
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Author: Carter, J.
Title: Missionary stressors and implications for care.
Enhancing missionary vitality: Mental health professions serving global mission (pp. 101-106).  Palmer Lake, CO: Mission Training International.   2002
Summary:  A chapter reporting research which is a replication and extension of Gish (1983), and finding that the same themes and same individual stressors are still causing stress, and are rated as more stress producing more than a decade later. This is a summary of Carter (1999), Journal of Psychology and Theology, vol. 27, pp. 171-180.
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Author: Hall, M. E. L.
Title: Married women in missions: The effects of role expectations on well-being, stress, and self-esteem.
Enhancing missionary vitality: Mental health professions serving global mission (pp. 153-158).  Palmer Lake, CO: Mission Training International.   2002
Summary:  This chapter is a summary of a much longer paper appearing in the Journal of Psychology and Theology, (2003), Vol. 31, pp.303-314 . The research findings show that self-expectations of the married women are important in their well-being.
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Author: O'Donnell, K.
Title: Doing Member Care Well :Perspectives and Practices from Around the World.
   Pasadena, CA, William Carey Library.   2002
Summary:  A comprehensive, 566-page book about member care around the world consisting of 50 Chapters gathered into 3 parts with 5 sections in each of the last two parts . This is the most valuable resource on world-wide member care available at the beginning of the 21st century.
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Author: Crawford, N.
Title: Missionary women speak.
Enhancing missionary vitality: Mental health professions serving global mission (pp.137-146 ).  Palmer Lake, CO: Mission Training International.   2002
Summary:  This chapter presents research on the roles of women and the positive and negative factors reported by both married and single women. Implications are given for the ethos of the mission agency, placement of personnel, and training.
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Author: Huff, J.
Title: Parental attachment, reverse culture shock, perceived social support, and college adjustment of missionary children.
Journal of Psychology and Theology,  29, 246-264.   2001
Summary:  A research article comparing MKs with non-MKs on a large number of variables.
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Author: Howell, M.
Title: Adult children of alcoholics as missionaries.
Evangelical Missions Quarterly,  36, 64-69.   2000
Summary:  An article based on the authors doctoral research into ACAs as missionaries, an article which corrects some early misconceptions and gives a realistic appraisal.
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Author: Roembke, L.
Title: Building Credible Multicultural Teams.
   Pasadena, CA, William Carey Library.   2000
Summary:  A well-written book anchored in theology, anthropology, and empirical research, a book which is not only theoretical but practical as well. Useful to anyone working on a multicultural team.
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Author: Pollock, D.
Title: The third culture kid experience: Growing up among worlds.
   Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.   1999
Summary:  An excellent book about TCKs written by the two people most qualified by experience to write such a book. This is one that should be read by both TCKs themselves and anyone who desires to counsel them.
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Author: Powell, J.
Title: Families in missions: A research context.
Journal of Psychology and Theology.  27, 98-106.   1999
Summary:  An article describing the Missionary Kid Consultation and Research Team/Committee on Research and Endowment (MK-CART/CORE) and the three major research projects it has conducted. A condensed version of this is published as a chapter in Powell & Bowers (2002), Enhancing Missionary Vitality under the title MK-CART/CORE: A multi-mission research model, pp. 485-493. This article also appears in L. Andrews, (Ed.) 2004, The Family in mission: Understanding and caring for those who serve, pp. 347-358.
  read full citation...
  

 

Author: Andrews, L. A.
Title: Spiritual, family, and ministry satisfaction among missionaries.
Journal of Psychology and Theology.  27, 107-118.   1999
Summary:  An article presenting the results of the MK-CART/CORE research on the missionary family with emphasis on spiritual, family, and ministry satisfaction which were all positively correlated. This article also appears in L. Andrews, (Ed.) 2004, The Family in mission: Understanding and caring for those who serve, pp. 359-372.
  read full citation...
  

 

Author: Hall, M. E. L.
Title: The relationship of object relations development to cultural adjustment in a missionary sample.
Journal of Psychology and Theology.  27, 139-153.   1999
Summary:  An article reporting a cross-sectional correlational study of the relationship between object relations development and cultural adjustment emphasizing learning to cope with the culture and manage the anxiety that comes with the uncertainty of being in that culture.
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Author: Carter, J.
Title: Missionary stressors and implications for care.
Journal of Psychology and Theology.  27, 171-180.   1999
Summary:  An article reporting research which is a replication and extension of Gish (1983), and finding that the same themes and same individual stressors are still causing stress, and are rated as more stress producing more than a decade later. This article is sukmmarized in Powell & Bowers (2002) Enhancing missionary vitality, pp. 101-106.
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Author: Rosik, C. H.
Title: Dissociative disorders in adult missionary kids: Report on five cases.
Journal of Psychology and Theology.  27, 163-170.   1999
Summary:  A report of archival research on five single women seen at Link Care who were adult TCKs and all diagnosed with dissociative disorders.
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Author: Sweatman, S. M.
Title: Marital satisfaction, cross-cultural adjustment stress, and he psychological sequelae.
Journal of Psychology and Theology.  27, 154-162.   1999
Summary:  An article reporting a correlational study between marital satisfaction and psychological symptoms, specifically depression and anxiety. Satisfaction was correlated with depression, but not anxiety in this study.
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Author: Ward, T.
Title: Doing research together.
Raising resilient MKs: Resources for caregivers, parents, and teachers (pp. 445-455).  Colorado Springs, CO: Association of Christian Schools International.   1998
Summary:  A chapter describing what collaborative research across cultures is like. Based on a presentation at ICMK Nairobi, 1989.
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Author: Van Rooy, S.
Title: Career developments: Woodstock class of 1968.
Raising resilient MKs: Resources for caregivers, parents, and teachers (pp. 141-145).  Colorado Springs, CO: Association of Christian Schools International.   1998
Summary:  A chapter giving a profile of most of the students graduating from Woodstock (India) twenty years later. Based on a presentation at ICMK Nairobi, 1989.
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Author: Powell, J.
Title: MK Research: Notes and Observations.
Raising resilient MKs: Resources for caregivers, parents, and teachers (pp. 433-444).  Colorado Springs, CO: Association of Christian Schools International.   1998
Summary:  A chapter giving the history and summarizing research done on MKs, emphasizing the MK-CART/CORE studies
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Author: Wickstrom, D. L.
Title: The importance of fathers in MK development.
Raising resilient MKs: Resources for caregivers, parents, and teachers (pp. 196-205).  Colorado Springs, CO: Association of Christian Schools International.   1998
Summary:  A chapter which considers the importance of the fathers fulfilling their father role in the family. This was originally presented at the 1997 Mental Health and Missions Conference.
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Author: Jensma, J.
Title: The importance and the difficulty of doing research with a missionary population.
Journal of Psychology and Theology  25, 384-387.   1997
Summary:  Data showing the cost of attrition to the missionary enterprise, followed by an example of trying to assess the predictive validity of the Cross-Cultural Adaptability Inventory. Of 300 asked to participate, 50 agreed, but only 14 complete sets of data were obtained
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Author: Mutchler, K. L.
Title: Keys to the effective home schooling of MKs.
Evangelical Missions Quarterly,  33, 168-174.   1997
Summary:  A survey done of homeschooling parents of MKs finding the top 10 key factors for success in home schooling.
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Author: Brierly, P. W.
Title: Missionary attrition: The ReMAP research report.
Too valuable to lose: Exploring the causes and cures of missionary attrition (pp. 85-103).  Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library.   1997
Summary:  A chapter presenting the data from the ReMAP research project done on preliminary data, before all the data was in. Gives demographic data as well as overall data, data from old sending countries combined, new sending countries combined, and data for each individual country.
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Author: Elkins, P.
Title: Attrition in the USA and Canada.
Too valuable to lose: Exploring the causes and cures of missionary attrition (pp. 171-179).  Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library.   1997
Summary:  A chapter presenting the data of the survey in north America along with two examples of mission agencies who have minimized the attrition rate.
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Author: Moon, S. S.
Title: Missionary attrition in Korea: Opinions of agency executives.
Too valuable to lose: Exploring the causes and cures of missionary attrition (pp. 129-142).  Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library.   1997
Summary:  A chapter looking at missionary attrition in Korea in light of the growing movement and increasing attrition, along with suggestions for decreasing attrition in the Korean mission force.
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Author: Donovan, K.
Title: Reflections on attrition in career missionaries: A generational perspective into the future.
Too valuable to lose: Exploring the causes and cures of missionary attrition (pp. 41-73).  Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library.   1997
Summary:  A chapter detailing the differences between generations of missionaries during the second half of the twentieth century along with suggestions on how to capitalize in the best characteristics of both to carry out the Great Commission.
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Author: Limpic, T.
Title: Brazilian missionaries: How long are they staying?
Too valuable to lose: Exploring the causes and cures of missionary attrition (pp. 143-154).  Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library.   1997
Summary:  A chapter looking at attrition in the Brazilian missionary force. Many of the statistics come from mission administrator's memories rather than from recorded data.
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Author: Davies, S.
Title: Attrition in the United Kingdom.
Too valuable to lose: Exploring the causes and cures of missionary attrition (pp. 155-159).  Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library.   1997
Summary:  A brief chapter on the attrition rates in the United Kingdom. Much of it is based on the cultural differences between boosters and busters.
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Author: Anyomi, S.
Title: Attrition in Ghana.
Too valuable to lose: Exploring the causes and cures of missionary attrition (pp. 161-170).  Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library.   1997
Summary:  A chapter about attrition in Ghana. Follow-up was done so that every survey was returned, and the author was very candid about the failings of some missionaries in the past.
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Author: Blocher, D.
Title: Further findings in the research data.
Too valuable to lose: Exploring the causes and cures of missionary attrition (pp. 105-125).  Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library.   1997
Summary:  A chapter looking at the results of ReMAP more completely and in a different way. It looked at the effect of demographic variables and procedural variables, noting which ones have the greatest effect on reducing attrition.
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Author: Taylor, W. D.
Title: Too valuable to lose: Exploring the causes and cures of missionary attrition.
   Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library.   1997
Summary:  A book describing the Reducing Missionary Attrition Project (ReMAP) conducted by the World Evangelical Fellowship Missions Commission which was conducted to identify the causes, explore solutions and deliver products and services to mission agencies and churches worldwide to help reduce undesirable attrition.
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Author: Lewis, J.
Title: Designing the ReMAP research project.
Too valuable to lose: Exploring the causes and cures of missionary attrition (pp. 77-83).  Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library.   1997
Summary:  A chapter giving a good background of how the ReMAP research project was carried out.
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Author: Taylor, W. D.
Title: Introduction: Examining the iceberg called attrition.
Too valuable to lose: Exploring the causes and cures of missionary attrition (pp. 3-14).  Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library.   1997
Summary:  A chapter introducing the book the author edited. This chapter gives an excellent overview of the problem of attrition along with the author's personal observations.
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Author: Smith, C.
Title: Strangers at home: Essays on the effects of living overseas and coming "home" to a strange land.
   Bayside, NY: Alethia Publications.   1996
Summary:  This book is a collection of essays by and/or about Third Culture Kids (TCKs). Most of the essays are memories and impressions the authors had from growing up in countries other than their passport countries.
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Author: Schubert, E.
Title: The MMPI as a predictive tool for missionary candidates
Journal of Psychology and Theology  24, 124-132.   1996
Summary:  An article describing double blind experiment for predicting missionary success by looking only at MMPI results and dividing people into "Yes," "No," and "Maybe" categories. Yes and no predictions were accurate 77% and 71% of the time, and maybe predictions were divided. Criteria are given.
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Author: Wilcox, D. K.
Title: Who perseveres? A Discriminant analysis of missionary school personnel by intention to extend service.
Journal of Psychology and Theology,  23, 101-114.   1995
Summary:  A study of 394 staff members in MK schools looking for the combination of variables that distinguished between those intending to extend and those not intending to extend their service. The best discriminants were affective commitment, years worked overseas, and being married. Also important were job satisfaction cultural adjustment and spousal work/role satisfaction.
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Author: Andrews, L. A.
Title: The measurement of adult MKs well-being.
Evangelical Missions Quarterly,  31, 418-426.   1995
Summary:  Variable related to adult MKs' religious, existential, and spiritual well-being as measured by the "Spiritual Well-Being Scale" taken by 608 (out of 1475 sent) questionnaires. In general the MKs seem to be doing well as adults. This article also appears in L. Andrews, (Ed.) 2004, The Family in mission: Understanding and caring for those who serve, pp. 336-344.
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Author: O'Donnell, K.
Title: From rhetoric to reality: Assessing the needs and coping strategies of frontier mission personnel.
International Journal of Frontier Missions  12, 201-208.   1995
Summary:  An article reporting a survey of 110 YWAM workers involved in frontier missions. Results were similar to those found with missionaries in general.
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Author: Wickstrom, D. L.
Title: The right stuff in boarding school staff.
Evangelical Missions Quarterly,  30, 376-385.   1994
Summary:  An article summarizing the research of Powell & Andrews (1983) and Wickstrom & Andrews (1983) on the qualities needed in boarding school administrators, teachers and boarding homes. This article also appears in L. Andrews, (Ed.) 2004, The Family in mission: Understanding and caring for those who serve, pp. 323-333..
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Author: White, F.
Title: History of mental health professionals' involvement in member care of missions: Past, present, future
Proceedings from the 15th Annual Mental Health and Missions Conference,  Angola, IN.   1994
Summary:  A paper giving an excellent statement of where we are at the present and many good proposals for the future in terms of mental health and member care.
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Author: Powell, J.
Title: Qualities desired in MK boarding school personnel: A preliminary study.
Journal of Psychology and Theology,  21, 86-92.   1993
Summary:  A pilot study to identify qualities perceived to contribute to effectiveness in boarding schools. Data was gathered from adult MKs, parents of MKs and people working in MK boarding schools. Five themes common to all positions are presented , as well as five specific themes for each. This article also appears in L. Andrews, (Ed.) 2004, The Family in mission: Understanding and caring for those who serve, pp. 297-306.
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Author: Wickstrom, D. L.
Title: Personality characteristics of staff members at selected overseas missionary boarding schools.
Journal of Psychology and Theology,  21, 74-85.   1993
Summary:  A descriptive study of real and ideal personality characteristics developed from factor analysis of the adjectives in the Adjective Checklist filled out by 576 staff members at 20 overseas missionary boarding schools. This article also appears in L. Andrews, (Ed.) 2004, The Family in mission: Understanding and caring for those who serve, pp. 307-321..
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Author: Stringham, E. M.
Title: The reacculturation of missionary families: A dynamic theory.
Journal of Psychology and Theology,  21, 66-73.   1993
Summary:  A qualitative research study of three families resulting in three theoretical propositions of a grounded theory. A shortened form of this article is in Powell & Bowers (2002), Enhancing missionary vitality (pp. 165-171).
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Author: Rosik, C. H.
Title: Mission-affiliated versus non-affiliated counselors: A brief research report on missionary preferences with implications for member care.
Journal of Psychology and Christianity,  12, 159-164.   1993
Summary:  Survey of 114 missionaries asking if they would prefer a mission affiliated counselor or one not associated with the mission. Among candidates 29% would prefer non-mission counselor, but among missionaries who had been on the field and needed restoration, 88% preferred a non-mission counselor.
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Author: Van der Weele, T.
Title: Giving MKs a voice.
Interact.  December, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 13-15.   1992
Summary:  An article reporting MK responses to some questionnaires with some interesting possibilities for further research.
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Author: O'Donnell, K.
Title: An agenda for member care in missions
Missionary Care: Counting the cost for world evangelization (pp. (286-298).  Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library.   1992
Summary:  This is a summary of the state of the field in 1992 and a set of proposals for the future. This article also appears in slightly revised form as O'Donnell (1992), An agenda for member care in frontier missions. International Journal of Frontier Missions, 9, 107-112.
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Author: O'Donnell, K.
Title: An agenda for member care in frontier missions.
International Journal of Frontier Missions,  9, 107-112.   1992
Summary:  This is a summary of the state of the field in 1992 and a set of proposals for the future. This article also appears in slightly revised form as O'Donnell (1992), An agenda for member care in missions in O'Donnell (Ed.), (1992), Missionary Care: counting the cost of world evangelization (pp. 286-298) Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library.
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Author: O'Donnell, K.
Title: Understanding and managing stress
Missionary Care: Counting the cost for world evangelization (pp. 110-122).  Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library.   1992
Summary:  A summary article about stress. See the outline for the summary. A revision and expansion of O'Donnell & O'Donnell (1991), Stress can be managed, Evangelical Missions Quarterly, 27, 40-45.
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Author: Richardson, J.
Title: Psychopathology in missionary personnel
Missionary Care: Counting the cost for world evangelization (pp. 89-109).  Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library.   1992
Summary:  This is a summary of Psychopathology as based on DSM-III-R
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Author: Hill, H.
Title: Balancing freedom and responsibility.
Interact.  March, Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 10-11.   1992
Summary:  An article showing how a combination of freedom and responsibility can lead to individuation and how expectations placed on boarding schools may short circuit the process.
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Author: O'Donnell, K.
Title: Missionary Care: Counting the cost for world evangelization.
   Pasadena, CA: William Care Library.   1992
Summary:  An outstanding overview of member care consisting of five chapters in each of five sections covering much of member care in missions. Each chapter ends with questions for discussion and reverences. An index is provided.
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Author: O'Donnell, K.
Title: Stress can be managed.
Evangelical Missions Quarterly,  27, 40-45.   1991
Summary:  A summary article about stress. See the outline for the summary. This article is revised and expanded in O'Donnell & O'Donnell (1992), Missionary Care (110-122). Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library.
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Author: Coote, R. T.
Title: A boon or a "drag?" How North American evangelical missionaries experience home furloughs.
International Bulletin of Missionary Research,  15, 17-23.   1991
Summary:  A summary of research about furlough experiences based on responses from 472 responses (73% return rate) from missionaries from 15 evangelical agencies.
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Author: Diekhoff, G. M.
Title: The ideal overseas missionary: A cross-cultural comparison.
Journal of Psychology and Theology,  19, 178-185.   1991
Summary:  Most selection is aimed toward finding a good "missionary." This study shows that differences in personality are necessary for being effective in different cultures--there is no one missionary personality profile. This study surveyed 88 missionaries in 11 ministries who rated the "ideal missionary" on 25 traits. They found 4 orthogonal factors and two broad culture clusters.
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Author: Wrobbel, K.
Title: Psychosocial development in adult missionary kids.
Journal of Psychology and Theology,  18, 363-374.   1990
Summary:  This reports a study of psychosocial development in 292 adult MKs based on Erkson's theory. When compared with the general population the development scores for MKs were lower than the norm. Correlations between the subject's perceptions of their family and development were significant generally. Comparisons were made on a number of variables to see which affected development. Abbreviated version of this article is also Wrobbel, K. (1990) Adult MKs: How different are they? Evangelical Missions Quarterly, 26, 164-170.
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Author: Wrobbel, K.
Title: Adult MKs: How different are they?
Evangelical Missions Quarterly,  26, 164-170.   1990
Summary:  Summary of a study comparing MKs and non-MKs basically in terms of psychosocial development. Another slant on the research reported as Wrobbel and Plueddemann (1990). Psychosocial development in adult missionary kids. Journal Of Psychology and Theology, 18, 363-374.
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Author: Sharp, L.
Title: How missionary children become world Christians: The role of the MK school and the local culture.
Journal of Psychology and Theology  18, 66-74   1990
Summary:  Christian commitment and Worldmindedness were measured in 533 adult MKs of missionaries to Brazil. MK schools were positively related to Christian commitment, but negatively with Worldmindedness. Cultural involvement was positively related with Worldmindedness, but negatively with Christian commitment. Same study is reported in Sharp (1990) Boarding schools: What difference do they make? Evangelical Missions Quarterly, 26, 26-35.
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Author: Sharp, L.
Title: Boarding schools: What difference do they make?
Evangelical Missions Quarterly,  26, 26-35.   1990
Summary:  Report of a survey of 533 adult MKs relative to effects of boarding schools. Table 1 gives percentages of each who agreed with 26 questions. In 6 respects boarders were higher, and in 5 nonboarders were. Same research as reported in Sharp (1990) How missionary children become world Christians: The role of the MK school and the local culture, Journal of Psychology and Theology, 18, 66-74.
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Author: Echerd, P.
Title: Planning for MK nurture. Compendium of the International Conference on Missionary Kids, Quito, Ecuador, January 4-8, 1987, Volume II.
   Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library.   1989
Summary:  Compendium of the International Conference on Missionary Kids, Quito, Ecuador, January 4-8, 1987, volume II. Contains 49 chapters grouped into six categories.
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Author: Gathro, R.
Title: Developing a caring core on the college campus.
Planning for MK nurture, Compendium of the international Conference on Missionary Kids, Quito, Ecuador, January 4-8, 1987, Volume II, (pp. 52-60).  Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library.   1989
Summary:  Dialog format telling what colleges can do to help TCKs adjust to college, and to the USA.
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Author: Viser, W.
Title: Implications for a model of MK ministry.
Planning for MK nurture, Compendium of the international Conference on Missionary Kids, Quito, Ecuador, January 4-8, 1987, Volume II, (pp.190-201).  Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library.   1989
Summary:  A chapter giving suggestions for MK ministry divided into preparation, field ministry, and re-entry. It includes many practical suggestions
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Author: Brawand, A.
Title: Ministering to maturing MKs.
Planning for MK nurture, Compendium of the international Conference on Missionary Kids, Quito, Ecuador, January 4-8, 1987, Volume II, (pp. 46-51).  Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library.   1989
Summary:  A summary of a presentation giving three main categories of MK needs and a list of ways to respond to these needs.
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Author: Britt, W. G.
Title: Pretraining variables in the prediction of missionary success overseas.
Helping missionaries grow: Readings in mental health and missions (pp. 93-108).  Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library.   1988
Summary:  A study looking for predictor variables of missionary success. He found 12 variables that accounted for 56 percent of the variance. Cross-validation yielded mixed results. Same as Journal of Psychology and Theology, 1983, 11, 302-212
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Author: Ferguson, L. N.
Title: Candidate selection criteria: A survey.
Helping missionaries grow: Readings in mental health and missions (pp. 35-45).  Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library.   1988
Summary:  A summary of results of a 1980 survey of 78 agencies. Although the outline indicates it is about selection, it has a significant amount of material about discontinuance--which is logical. Same as Journal of Psychology and Theology, 1983, 11, 243-250.
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Author: Parshall, P.
Title: How spiritual are missionaries?
Helping missionaries grow: Readings in mental health and missions (pp. 75-82).  Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library.   1988
Summary:  A first attempt at a spirituality scale, containing 42 questions, and results from 390 missionaries with 37 agencies serving in 32 countries. With a 49% return rate, it is a fairly adequate study. Same as Evangelical Missions Quarterly, 1987, 23, 8-16.
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Author: Kruckeberg, J.
Title: The missionary's need of family life training.
Helping missionaries grow: Readings in mental health and missions (pp. 176-185).  Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library.   1988
Summary:  A survey done in 1979 of 191 missionaries in 11 countries in three groups, on field, home assignment, and furlough. Most missionaries had anticipated more problems than had occurred. None of the topics in the survey was desired by the majority of the respondents. Communication skills among family members (46%) and Coping with furloughs and travel (44%) were the top two. Same as in Evangelical Missions Quarterly, 1981, 17, 163-171.
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Author: Cureton, C. B.
Title: Missionary Fit: A Criterion-Related Model.
Helping missionaries grow: Readings in mental health and missions (pp. 83-92).  Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library.   1988
Summary:  An attempt to show criterion-related validity on a study done on 44 people attending the mental health and missions conference in 1980. Basically showed that mental health workers, missionaries and a combination of the two agreed. Same as the Journal of Psychology and theology, 1983, 11, 196-202.
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Author: Chester, R. M.
Title: Stress on missionary families living in other culture situations.
Helping missionaries grow: Readings in mental health and missions (pp. 164-175).  Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library.   1988
Summary:  This is a survey study of stress on missionary husbands and wives. 100 couples working as missionaries in 11 countries took the Pines and Aronson Tedium/Burnout scale. When compared with other helping professions, missionaries scored no higher than people in their home culture. Same as in Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 1983, 2, 30-37.
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Author: Wickstrom, D. L.
Title: Missionary children: Correlates of self-esteem and dependency.
Helping missionaries grow: Readings in mental health and missions (pp. 240-257).  Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library.   1988
Summary:  A good research study showing that self-esteem was positively correlated with perceived approval of others, parental and houseparental acceptance, and identification with parents. Correlates of negative attention-seeking dependency and passive approval-seeking dependency were also noted. There were no significant differences between the early, late, and nonboarders on any of the relevant variables, although, for those who boarded, there was a significant positive correlation between number of years boarding and self-esteem. Same as in Journal of Psychology and Theology, 1983, 11, 226-235.
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Author: Taylor, M. H.
Title: Personality development in the children of missionary parents.
Helping missionaries grow: Readings in mental health and missions (pp. 229-239).  Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library.   1988
Summary:  This is a rather dated application of Erikson's psychosocial theory to MKs. Same as in Japan Christian Quarterly, 1976, Spring, 72-78.
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Author: O'Donnell, K.
Title: Helping missionaries grow: Readings in mental health and missions
   Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library.   1988
Summary:  An excellent compendium of 50 previously published articles and papers all gathered together in one place. An excellent introduction to mental health and missions
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Author: O'Donnell, K.
Title: Some suggested ethical guidelines for the delivery of mental health services in mission settings.
Helping missionaries grow: Readings in mental health and missions (pp. 466-479).  Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library.   1988
Summary:  Application of primarily the Ethical Principles of Psychologists (1981) to work in missions. Seven major areas are addressed in general along with specific applications. The appendix is a good summary/worksheet.
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Author: Johnson, C. B.
Title: The current status of the provision of psychological services in missionary agencies in North America.
Helping missionaries grow: Readings in mental health and missions (pp. 458-465).  Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library.   1988
Summary:  An 11 item survey of 55 mission agencies shows the use of psychological services by those agencies. The problem of relationships with other missionaries was by far the most frequent problem, and psychology or counseling training was the background of about half of the providers, and 60% were consultants. Same as in The Bulletin of the Christian Association for Psychological Studies, 1981, 7(4), 25-27.
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Author: Johnston, L. N.
Title: Building relationships between mental health specialists and mission agencies.
Helping missionaries grow: Readings in mental health and missions (pp. 449-457).  Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library.   1988
Summary:  A good summary of felt needs by mission executives, personnel directors and missionaries along with 5 areas where mental health personnel may be of help and 5 suggestions to mental health professionals.
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Author: Gardner, L. M.
Title: Proactive care of missionary personnel
Helping missionaries grow: Readings in mental health and missions (pp. 432-443).  Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library.   1988
Summary:  A case study method of 16 units terminating with difficulties that could have been solved. The study resulted in 7 observations and 30 recommendations. Same as in Journal of Psychology and Theology, 1987, 15, 308-314.
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Author: Gish, D.
Title: Sources of missionary stress.
Helping missionaries grow: Readings in mental health and missions (pp. 379-389).  Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library.   1988
Summary:  A survey of 547 missionaries on the field on a 65-item rating scale studying the sources of missionary stress. The leading causes of stress (over 47% reporting considerable to great stress) were confrontation, communicating across language-cultural barrier, time and effort maintaining donor relationships, amount of work, work priorities. These were compared across place of service, gender, age, marital status, nationality, years of service, type of service, and amount of time on the job. Same as in Journal of Psychology and Theology, 1983, 11, 238-242.
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Author: Hill, B. V.
Title: The educational needs of the children of expatriates.
Helping missionaries grow: Readings in mental health and missions (pp. 276-301).  Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library.   1988
Summary:  An article presenting research the author did on parental perceptions of education as well as a more theoretical part in the second half. The rationale developed in the second half is very intriguing. Same as Missiology: An International Review, 1986, 14, 325-346.
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Author: Sharp, L.
Title: Toward a greater understanding of the real MK: A review of recent research.
Helping missionaries grow: Readings in mental health and missions (pp. 219-228).  Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library.   1988
Summary:  A summary of research attempting to dispel seven myths about MKs. MKs are not disadvantaged but are an intelligent, normal, well-adjusted and privileged group of young people. Same as Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 1985, 4, 73-78.
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Author: Moore, L.
Title: Predictors of reverse culture shock among North American Church of Christ missionaries.
Journal of Psychology and Theology,  15, 336-341.   1987
Summary:  A first attempt to develop an instrument to predict reverse culture shock. Multiple regression using 6 predictors accounted for 15% of the variability in scores.
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Author: Parshall, P.
Title: How spiritual are missionaries?
Evangelical Missions Quarterly,  23, 8-16.   1987
Summary:  A first attempt at a spirituality scale, containing 42 questions, and results from 390 missionaries with 37 agencies serving in 32 countries. With a 49% return rate, it is a fairly adequate study. Same as O'Donnell & O'Donnell (1988), Helping Missionaries Grow (75-82), Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library.
  read full citation...
  

 

Author: Frisbey, N.
Title: Retirement of evangelical missionaries: Elements of satisfaction and morale.
Journal of Psychology and Theology,  15, 326-335.   1987
Summary:  Results of a survey about financial information from 61 of 105 mission boards. The boards were surveyed, rather than the missionaries themselves.
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Author: Gardner, L. M.
Title: A practical approach to transitions in missionary living.
Journal of Psychology and Theology,  15, 342-349.   1987
Summary:  An analysis of what transitions a typical missionary faces in life and what can be done to help. This includes the major issues and what can be done by the organization to help in the transitions
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Author: Gardner, L. M.
Title: Proactive care of missionary personnel
Journal of Psychology and Theology,  15, 308-314.   1987
Summary:  A case study method of 16 units terminating with difficulties that could have been solved. The study resulted in 7 observations and 30 recommendations. Same as in O'Donnell & O'Donnell, 1988, Helping missionaries grow (432-443), Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library.
  read full citation...
  

 

Author: Austin, C.
Title: Reentry among missionary children: An overview of reentry research from 1934-1986.
Journal of Psychology and Theology,  15, 315-325.   1987
Summary:  A summary of 50 years of research found in 20 databases found only 30 studies, and many of them were not very good. Recommendations were made for future research.
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Author: Tetzel, B.
Title: New directions in Missions: Implications for MKs: Compendium of the International Conference on Missionary Kids, Manila, Philippines, November 5-9, 1984.
   West Battleboro, VT: ICMK.   1986
Summary:  A compendium of the international conference on missionary kids held in Manila, Philippines, November 5-9, 1984. It consists of 47 chapters arranged in five categories.
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Author: Entwhistle, R. E.
Title: Developing a strong academic curriculum in an MK school.
New directions in missions: Implications for MKs. Compendium of the International Conference on Missionary Kids, Manila, Philippines, November 5-9, 1984 (pp. 274-301).  Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library.   1986
Summary:  A good chapter on curriculum development in MK schools.
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Author: Hill, B. V.
Title: The educational needs of the children of expatriates.
New directions in missions: Implications for MKs. Compendium of the International Conference on Missionary Kids, Manila, Philippines, November 5-9, 1984 (pp. 326-351).  Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library.   1986
Summary:  An article presenting research the author did on parental perceptions of education as well as a more theoretical part in the second half. The rationale developed in the second half is very intriguing. Minor modification of Hill(1986) Missiology: An international Review, 14, 325-246, which is the same as in O'Donnell & O'Donnell (1988), Helping missionaries grow (276-301), Pasadena, CA: William Carey Press.
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Author: Harrell, B.
Title: Practical guidelines in the positive adjustment of missionary children.
Cross-cultural reentry: A book of readings (pp. 191-201).  Abilene, TX: Abilene Christian University Press.   1986
Summary:  A chapter from a thesis reporting the results of interviews with 15 MKs. The needs identified were a positive self-image, trust-bond relationships, educational preparation, smooth adjustment from one culture to another and bi-cultural experience.
  read full citation...
  

 

Author: Hill, B. V.
Title: The educational needs of the children of expatriates.
Missiology: An International Review,  14, 325-346.   1986
Summary:  An article presenting research the author did on parental perceptions of education as well as a more theoretical part in the second half. The rationale developed in the second half is very intriguing. Same as in O'Donnell & O'Donnell (1988), Helping missionaries grow (276-301), Pasadena, CA: William Carey Press.
  read full citation...
  

 

Author: Foyle, M.
Title: Parent/child relationships in missionary families.
New directions in missions: Implications for MKs. Compendium of the International Conference on Missionary Kids, Manila, Philippines, November 5-9, 1984 (pp. 64-69).  Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library.   1986
Summary:  A chapter describing qualitatively the results of her research visiting 33 missionary locations in Asia talking with 116 people.
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Author: Austin, C.
Title: Interpersonal stresses from living in a cross-cultural environment.
New directions in missions: Implications for MKs. Compendium of the International Conference on Missionary Kids, Manila, Philippines, November 5-9, 1984 (pp. 132-148).  Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library.   1986
Summary:  A chapter basically on re-entry including an extensive categorized reference list and categorized reentry study findings.
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Author: Reapsome, J.
Title: Readers cite rushed visits and lack of pastoral care.
Evangelical Missions Quarterly,  21, 128-131.   1985
Summary:  A report of a survey made to see which of Smith's (1985) criticisms other missionaries felt were relevant to them. Rushed visits by home executives and lack of pastoral care were at the top of the list, closely followed by ineffective recruitment and screening. Criticism for not "going native" home executives being out of tune with the basic purpose of missions and too much work piled on by the home office were at the bottom.
  read full citation...
  

 

Author: Sharp, L.
Title: Toward a greater understanding of the real MK: A review of recent research.
Journal of Psychology and Christianity,  4, 73-78.   1985
Summary:  A summary of research attempting to dispel seven myths about MKs. MKs are not disadvantaged but are an intelligent, normal, well-adjusted and privileged group of young people. Same as O'Donnell & O'Donnell (1988), Helping missionaries grow (pp. 219-228). Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library.
  read full citation...
  

 

Author: Bowers, J. M.
Title: Role of married women missionaries: A case study.
International Bulletin of missionary research,  8, 4-7.   1984
Summary:  An article reporting a study conducted by the Division of World Mission and Ecumenism of the Lutheran Church in America during 1980 and 1981, along with the impact of that study during the first two years following its completion.
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Author: Danielson, E.
Title: Missionary kid--MK
   Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library.   1984
Summary:  This is basically a book about missionary children in boarding school. It would be particularly valuable reading for missionaries who are faced with the decision of whether or not to send their children to boarding school.
  read full citation...
  

 

Author: Wickstrom, D. L.
Title: Missionary children: Correlates of self-esteem and dependency.
Journal of Psychology and Theology,  11, 226-235.   1983
Summary:  A good research study showing that self-esteem was positively correlated with perceived approval of others, parental and houseparental acceptance, and identification with parents. Correlates of negative attention-seeking dependency and passive approval-seeking dependency were also noted. There were no significant differences between the early, late, and nonboarders on any of the relevant variables, although, for those who boarded, there was a significant positive correlation between number of years boarding and self-esteem. Same as in O'Donnell & O'Donnell (1983), Helping Missionaries Grow, Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library (pp. 240-257).
  read full citation...
  

 

Author: Chester, R. M.
Title: Stress on missionary families living in "other culture" situations.
Journal of Psychology and Christianity,  2(4), 30-37.   1983
Summary:  This is a survey study of stress on missionary husbands and wives. 100 couples working as missionaries in 11 countries took the Pines and Aronson Tedium/Burnout scale. When compared with other helping professions, missionaries scored no higher than people in their home culture. This is the same as O'Donnell & O'Donnell (1988), Helping missionaries grow, Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library (pp. 164-175).
  read full citation...
  

 

Author: Kliewer, D.
Title: Missionary program evaluation: An assessment strategy
Journal of Psychology and Christianity  2(4), 38-44.   1983
Summary:  A proposal for evaluating missionary programs based on measures of overseas performance. The goal is to be increase the prediction of later effectiveness based on the selection characteristics. This is a very complete proposal.
  read full citation...
  

 

Author: Cureton, C. B.
Title: Missionary Fit: A Criterion-Related Model.
Journal of Psychology and Theology,  11, 196-202.   1983
Summary:  An attempt to show criterion-related validity on a study done on 44 people attending the mental health and missions conference in 1980. Basically showed that mental health workers, missionaries and a combination of the two agreed. Same as in O'Donnell & O'Donnell (1988), Helping missionaries grow, Pasadena, CA: William Carey Press (pp. 83-92).
  read full citation...
  

 

Author: Britt, W. G.
Title: Pretraining variables in the prediction of missionary success overseas.
Journal of Psychology and Theology,  11, 203-212.   1983
Summary:  A study looking for predictor variables of missionary success. He found 12 variables that accounted for 56 percent of the variance. Cross-validation yielded mixed results. Same as in O'Donnell & O'Donnell (1988), Helping Missionaries Grow, Pasadena, CA: William Carey Press (pp. 93-108).
  read full citation...
  

 

Author: Taylor, B. C.
Title: Preferred means of hostility expression among missionaries: An exploratory study
Journal of Psychology and Theology,  11, 218-225.   1983
Summary:  Comparison of missionaries and normative sample showed less hostility expressed by missionaries in 5 of 7 ways. Missionaries on the field and at home showed no significant differences except indirect expression by males on the field. Sample size of 34 total, 15 on field, 19 home.
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Author: Gish, D.
Title: Sources of missionary stress.
Journal of Psychology and Theology,  11, 236-242.   1983
Summary:  A survey of 547 missionaries on the field on a 65-item rating scale studying the sources of missionary stress. The leading causes of stress (over 47% reporting considerable to great stress) were confrontation, communicating across language-cultural barrier, time and effort maintaining donor relationships, amount of work, work priorities. These were compared across place of service, gender, age, marital status, nationality, years of service, type of service, and amount of time on the job. Same as in O'Donnell & O'Donnell (1988), Helping missionaries grow (379-389), Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library.
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Author: Ferguson, L. N.
Title: Candidate selection criteria: A survey.
Journal of Psychology and Theology,  11, 243-250.   1983
Summary:  A summary of results of a 1980 survey of 78 agencies. Although the outline indicates it is about selection, it has a significant amount of material about discontinuance--which is logical. Same as O'Donnell & O'Donnell (1988). Helping missionaries grow, Pasadena, CA: William Carey Publishers (pp. 35-45)
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Author: Loss, M.
Title: Culture shock: Dealing with stress in cross-cultural living
   Winona Lake, IN: Light and Life Press.   1983
Summary:  A book about adjusting to life in a different culture. The last two chapters give a very good set of suggestions to first-termers on how to prevent culture stress, and to senior missionaries on how to treat the new kids on the block.
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Author: Dillon, D. E.
Title: Personality characteristics of evangelical missionaries as measured by the MMPI.
Journal of Psychology and Theology,  11, 213-217.   1983
Summary:  A study of profiles of 827 missionaries showing that MMPI scores of missionaries were significantly different from the general population and that persevering and non-persevering missionaries had different scores on some scales.
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Author: Kruckeberg, J.
Title: The missionary's need of family life training.
Evangelical Missions Quarterly,  17, 163-171.   1981
Summary:  A survey done in 1979 of 191 missionaries in 11 countries in three groups, on field, home assignment, and furlough. Most missionaries had anticipated more problems than had occurred. None of the topics in the survey was desired by the majority of the respondents. Communication skills among family members (46%) and Coping with furloughs and travel (44%) were the top two. Same as in O'Donnell & O'Donnell (1988), Helping Missionaries Grow (176-185), Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library.
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Author: Johnson, C. B.
Title: The current status of the provision of psychological services in missionary agencies in North America.
The Bulletin of the Christian Association for Psychological Studies,  7(4), 25-27.   1981
Summary:  An 11 item survey of 55 mission agencies shows the use of psychological services by those agencies. The problem of relationships with other missionaries was by far the most frequent problem, and psychology or counseling training was the background of about half of the providers, and 60% were consultants. Same as in O'Donnell & O'Donnell (1988), Helping missionaries grow (PP. 458-465), Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library.
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Author: Hanscome, C.
Title: Predicting missionary drop-out.
Evangelical Missions Quarterly,  15, 152-157.   1979
Summary:  An early article doing a statistical analysis of drop-outs found significant factors: field of service, education and number of children (more children less likely to drop out).
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Author: Hsieh, T.
Title: Missionary family behavior, dissonance, and children's career decision.
Journal of Psychology and Theology,  4, 221-226.   1976
Summary:  A study of 78 MKs divided into those planning on a career in missions and those not found particular significant differences in on a created scale. The results were interpreted in the context of cognitive dissonance theory.
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